outbreak began earlier this year in Central and East Africa, particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and has now spread to Europe, with the first case outside Africa recently reported in Sweden. The current outbreak involves the Clade I strain of the virus, which is significantly more transmissible and severe than the Clade II strain that caused global concerns in 2022.
Global Impact and Response
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak a public health emergency, emphasizing the urgent need for international cooperation. This marks the second time in two years that MPOX has been elevated to such a critical status by WHO. The Clade I strain is known for its higher mortality rate if left untreated, which has prompted swift action from health authorities around the world.
In the Philippines, the first case of MPOX was recently confirmed, highlighting the virus's continued spread beyond Africa and Europe. This development has heightened global vigilance, with many countries reinforcing their public health measures and vaccination efforts. The virus primarily spreads through close contact, including skin-to-skin interaction and transmission from a mother to her fetus in utero.
WHO officials stress that while the outbreak is serious, it is not the "new COVID." They urge against panic, reminding the public that vaccines and effective treatments are available, though access remains a challenge, particularly in lower-income countries.
Containment and Prevention
To date, the DRC has reported over 15,600 cases and 540 deaths due to MPOX. The virus has also spread to neighboring countries, further complicating containment efforts. WHO recommends the use of smallpox vaccines, which have proven effective against MPOX. Vaccination campaigns are being ramped up, particularly in Africa, where the virus has hit hardest. The urgency is underscored by the fact that vaccines and other resources are in limited supply, making international support crucial.
The WHO has initiated an “Emergency Use Listing” process to accelerate vaccine access for lower-income countries. This move is intended to ensure that nations without their own regulatory approval can still procure and distribute vaccines, particularly in regions where the outbreak is most severe. WHO has also urged countries with surplus vaccine stockpiles, such as Japan and EU members, to donate doses to African nations.
Despite the challenges, WHO officials remain optimistic that with strong public health measures, behavior change, and equitable access to vaccines, the outbreak can be controlled. However, the global community must act swiftly to prevent further spread, especially as the virus continues to reach new regions.
